Male Neuronal Support Cells - Rays

<body>  <title>Handbook - Introduction</title> <META name="Description" content="WormAtlas: A database of behavioral and structural anatomy of Caenorhabditis elegans."> <META name="KeyWords" content="Caenorhabditis, elegans, anatomy, hermaphrodite, worm, nematode">  <META http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1"> <META name="Copyright" content="www.wormatlas.org"> <link rel="StyleSheet" href="../../css/common-style.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="StyleSheet" href="../../css/gray.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="StyleSheet" href="../../css/gray-menu.css" type="text/css"> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="../../css/css.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="../../javascripts.js"></script> <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="../../pop-closeup.js"></script> <style type="text/css">  </style> </head> <BODY BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#000000">  <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr><td align="center" valign="top"> <a name="top"></a>  <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="2" width="100%"><tr> <td background="../../art1/oldheadercolor.jpg" class="pictbackground"><img src="../../ART1/headerA2b.jpg" width="829" height="86" border="0" usemap="#Map2"> </td> </tr><tr class="printhide"><td class=""> </td></tr></table>  <script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" src="menu.js"></script>  <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td width="1051" align="left" valign="top" class="shadow-horizontal"> <br> <br>  <table cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr> <td align="left" valign="top" class="just">  <span class="title"><span class="style5"><a name="Neuronalsupportcellsrays" id="Neuronalsupportcellsrays"></a>NEURONAL SUPPORT CELLS OF THE MALE SENSILLA </span>- RAYS </span>  <center> <TABLE align="left" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="gallerytext"> <tr> <td width="1169" align="left" class="style1"> <span class="subtitle"> <a name="Raycompositionandstructure1" id="Raycompositionandstructure1"></a></span><span class="style10"><br> 1 Ray Composition and Structure <strong></strong></span> <p>Nine bilateral pairs of finger-like rays (numbered (n) 1 to 9, Left/Right) radiate from the tail and are embedded in a cuticular fan (<a href="#MaleRayFIG1">MaleRayFIG 1</a>). In male mating behavior the rays are required for initial contact response upon encountering the hermaphrodite and for turning during the male's search for the vulva (<a href="../neuronalsupport/images/MaleNeuroFIG3.jpg">MaleNeuroFIG 3</a>; <a href="../neuronalsupport/Neuroframeset.html" target="_blank">Neuronal Support Cells of the Male - Overview</a>; <a href="#Liu1995">Liu and Sternberg, 1995</a>; reviewed in <a href="http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_malematingbehavior/malematingbehavior.html" target="_blank">WormBook: Male Mating Behavior - Barr and Garcia</a>). </p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleRayFIG1.jpg" alt="MaleRayFIG 1 Male sensory rays" name="MaleRayFIG1" width="800" height="311" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleRayFIG1"><a name="MaleRayFIG1" id="MaleRayFIG1"></a></div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleRayFIG 1: Male sensory rays.</span><span class="style2"> <strong>A. </strong>Nomarski DIC of adult male tail, ventral view. <strong>B. </strong>Illustration showing detail of boxed region in <strong>A</strong> as a "cut-away" view. </span> <p>All rays have the same cellular composition and general organization (<a href="#MaleRayFIG1">MaleRayFIG 1B</a>). Each contains sensory dendrites of an A-type (RnA) and B-type (RnB) neuron (<a href="#MaleRayTABLE1">MaleRayTABLE 1</a>). Neuron processes are surrounded by a tube formed by the ray's single interfacial cell, the ray structural cell (Rnst) (MaleRayFIG 4A-C; <a href="#Sulston1977">Sulston and Horvitz, 1977</a>;<a href="#Sulston1980"> Sulston et al., 1980</a>). The Rnst, in turn, is ensheathed by hyp7 and by cuticle. Except for ray 6, all rays are open at their tip. This opening is visible by DIC optics as a "ring-and-dot" formed by the hyp and Rnst encircling the RnB tip (<a href="#MaleRayFIG1">MaleRayFIG 1B</a>, <a href="#MaleRayFIG6">MaleRayFIG 6</a>). Despite being exposed to the environment, RnB neurons do not dye-fill with FITC or DiO (<a href="#Perkins1986">Perkins et al., 1986</a>). The RnA, RnB and Rnst cells of a single ray are closely related by lineage, arising from a common great-grandmother precursor cell, Rn (<a href="#MaleRayFIG2">MaleRayFIG 2</a>).</p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleRayTABLE1.jpg" alt="MaleRayTABLE 1 Summary of ray cells" name="MaleRayTABLE1" width="740" height="256" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleRayTABLE1"><a name="MaleRayTABLE1" id="MaleRayTABLE1"></a></div> <span class="picturetitle">MaleRayTABLE 1: Summary of ray cells. </span><span class="style2">n = rays 1-9.Rn = <a href="../../images/HVTlineages.jpg" target="_blank">V5/V6 /T.xxxxx</a> in the male. R1 derives from V5, R2-6 from V6 and R7-9 from T. </span> <hr class="page-splits"> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleRayFIG2.jpg" alt="MaleRayFIG 2 The ray" name="MaleRayFIG2" width="603" height="585" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleRayFIG2"><a name="MaleRayFIG2" id="MaleRayFIG2"></a> </div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleRayFIG 2: The ray. </span><span class="style2"><strong>A.</strong> Diagram showing nuclei in left lumbar ganglia, lateral view, left side. Ray cell body positions are variable. Unmarked nuclei correspond to juvenile or hermaphrodite cells. (Adapted from <a href="#Sulston1980">Sulston et al., 1980</a>.)<strong> B. </strong> Ray sublineage showing cell divisions with time. Hours are post-hatching at 20°C. <strong>C. </strong> Nomarski DIC with illustration showing ray cell trajectories in the adult ray, lateral view. (Rn) Ray precursor cell; (RnA and RnB) ray neurons; (Rnst) ray structural cell; (PAG) pre-anal ganglion. n=rays 1-9. </span> <p>Ray cells of each side are located together in their respective left or right lumbar ganglia (LGL/R) (<a href="#MaleRayFIG2">MaleRayFIG 2</a> and <a href="#MaleRayFIG3">3A</a>). Cell body positions within the ganglia are variable. Except for <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/R6Bframeset.html" target="_blank">R6BL/R</a>, RnB neurons have large cell bodies that contain dilated cisternae (<a href="#MaleRayFIG3">MaleRayFIG 3B</a>). Ray neurons (but not the Rnsts) send axons, via commissures, from the LGL/R to the pre-anal ganglion (PAG) (<a href="#MaleRayFIG2">MaleRayFIG 2</a>; <a href="#MaleRayFIG4">MaleRayFIG 4</a>; <a href="#Sulston1980">Sulston et al., 1980</a><a href="http://www.wormatlas.org/ver1/Sulston%20postembmale_1980/toc.html" target="_blank"></a>).</p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleRayFIG3.jpg" alt="MaleRayFIG 3 Ultrastructure of the lumbar ganglia" name="MaleRayFIG3" width="800" height="487" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleRayFIG3"><a name="MaleRayFIG3" id="MaleRayFIG3"></a> </div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleRayFIG 3: Ultrastructure of the lumbar ganglia. </span><span class="style2"><strong>A.</strong> Low-power TEM highlighting the lumbar region with the rays, transverse section. (Image source: N2Y [MRC] 27.) <strong>B. </strong>Higher magnification TEM of the ray cell bodies within the lumbar ganglia from boxed region of<strong> A</strong>, transverse view. (N) Nucleus; (PhsolL/R) Phasmid socket cells. (Image source: N2Y [MRC] 1350.)</span> <hr class="page-splits"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="left" background="#Chinsang2000" class="style1"> <div align="center"> <img src="images/MaleRayFIG4.jpg" alt="MaleRayFIG 4 Epifluorescent images of ray neurons" name="MaleRayFIG4" width="780" height="590" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleRayFIG4"><a name="MaleRayFIG4" id="MaleRayFIG4"></a><span class="picturename"> </span></div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleRayFIG 4: Epifluorescent images of ray neurons. </span><span class="style2">A. Transgenic animals expressing the<em> ram-5::GFP</em> reporter gene in the adult ray, ventral view. (Strain source: R.Y.L. Yu and K.L. Chow.)<strong> B. </strong> Dorsal view. <strong>C. </strong>Transgenic animals expressing the<em> flp-6::GFP</em> reporter gene, ventral view. (Strain source: K. Kim and C. Li.) </span><br> <p>The Rnst cell functions both as a sheath and a socket cell. Like the sheath cell, the Rnst surrounds neuron dendrites and contains numerous vesicles that presumably secrete material into the ray lumen. Like the socket cell, the Rnst acts as a transitional cell linking the sense organ to the surrounding hyp via adherens junctions (<a href="#MaleRayFIG5AB">MaleRayFIG 5</a> and <a href="#MaleRayFIG5CD">MaleRayFIG 6</a>). </p> <div align="center"> <img src="images/MaleRayFIG5AB.jpg" alt="MaleRayFIG 5A&B Longitudinal views of male rays" name="MaleRayFIG5AB" width="726" height="649" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleRayFIG5AB"><a name="MaleRayFIG5AB" id="MaleRayFIG5AB"></a> </div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleRayFIG 5A&B: Longitudinal views of male rays. </span><span class="style2"><strong>A. </strong>TEM of cross section of ray 2. (Image source: MaleRays [MRC] 747_13.) <strong>B. </strong>Diagram showing longitudinal section of ray 2 shown in<strong> A. </strong>(AJ) Adherens junction; (Hd) hemidesmosomes; (hyp) hypodermis. (Adapted from <a href="#Sulston1980">Sulston et al., 1980</a>.) </span> <div align="center"><br> <img src="images/MaleRayFIG5CD.jpg" alt="MaleRayFIG 5C&D Transverse views of male rays" name="MaleRayFIG5CD" width="800" height="308" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleRayFIG5CD"><a name="MaleRayFIG5CD" id="MaleRayFIG5CD"></a> </div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleRayFIG 5C&D: Transverse views of male rays. </span><span class="style2"><strong>A.</strong> TEM of cross section of ray 2, transverse view. (Image source: MaleRays [MRC] 747_19.)<span class="picturetitle style2"> B. </span>TEM of cross section of ray 5, transverse view. (Image source: MaleRays [MRC] 747_15.) (AJ) Adherens junction; (Hd) hemidesmosomes; (hyp) hypodermis.</span> <hr class="page-splits"> <span class="subtitle"><a name="Raydevelopment2" id="Raydevelopment2"></a></span><span class="style10"><br> 2 Ray Development</span> <p>Rays are generated post-embryonically from the most posterior L1 lateral seam cells of each side, V5 (L/R), V6 (L/R) and T (L/R) (see <a href="../epithelial/Epiframeset.html" target="_blank">Male Epithelial System - Introduction</a>). The characteristic finger-like structure of the ray is generated by a process of morphogenesis whereby part of each ray cell remains attached to the body wall while surrounding hyp and body wall tissues migrate anteriorly (summarized in <a href="#MaleRayFIG6">MaleHypFIG 6A</a>; see <a href="../epithelial/Epiframeset.html" target="_blank">Male Epithelial System - Introduction</a> for details). Interactions between the Rnst and hyp are thought to play an important role in ray morphogenesis. Loss of function mutations in several genes cause a lumpy ray phenotype or disrupt ray extension (a <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/all/phenotype/WBPhenotype:0000505" target="_blank">Ram phenotype</a> - <em>R</em>ay <em>a</em>bnormal <em>m</em>orphology or a <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/all/phenotype/WBPhenotype:0000070" target="_blank">Mab phenotype</a> - <em>M</em>ale <em>ab</em>normal). Characterization of one such gene, <em><a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/gene/WBGene00004301" target="_blank">ram-5</a></em>, reveals that it encodes a novel protein that is expressed in the Rnst cells and may act in a glycosylation-dependent pathway that regulates hyp and Rnst cell-cell interactions (<a href="#Yu2000">Yu et al., 2000</a>; <a href="#Ko2003">Ko and Chow, 2003</a>). <strong><br> </strong></p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleRayFIG6.jpg" alt="MaleRayFIG 6 Ray morphogenesis" name="MaleRayFIG6" width="473" height="890" border="0" align="middle" usemap="#MaleIntroFIG6Map" class="Galborder" id="MaleRayFIG6"><a name="MaleRayFIG6" id="MaleRayFIG6"></a> <span class="picturename"> </span></div> <span class="picturetitle"> MaleRayFIG 6: Ray morphogenesis. </span><span class="style2"><strong>A. </strong>View of developing rays in the late L4 male tail, dorso-lateral view. <strong>B. </strong> Time after <strong>A </strong> showing the emerging fan, and rays, lateral view.<strong> C. </strong>Adult male tail, lateral view. </span> <hr class="page-splits"> <span class="subtitle"><a name="Rayidentity3" id="Rayidentity3"></a></span><span class="style10"><br> 3 Ray Identity </span> <p>The Rnst is also thought to play a role in defining ray-specific morphology. Each left/right ray pair has a characteristic shape and opens on a particular side of the fan (<a href="#MaleRayFIG1">MaleRayFIG 1A </a>; <a href="#MaleRayTABLE2">MaleRayTABLE 2</a>). These morphological attributes, expressed along with distinct combinations with neuronal characteristics (e.g. neurotransmitter fate, axons trajectory, chemosensory receptor), give each ray pair a unique identity (<a href="#Sulston1977">Sulston and Horvitz, 1977</a>; <a href="#Loer1993">Loer and Kenyon, 1993</a>; <a href="#Troemel1995">Troemel et al., 1995</a>; <a href="#Lints2004">Lints et al., 2004</a>; L. Jia and S.W. Emmons, pers. com.). Ray identities may reflect functional specialization of rays in aspects of mating behavior. For example, dorsally-opening rays (rays 1, 5, and 7) are required for contact response during a dorsal encounter with a hermaphrodite; ventrally-opening rays (rays 2, 4, and 8) function with other ventral sense organs in ventral encounters; the posterior T rays (7-9) are required for turning (<a href="#Liu1995">Liu and Sternberg, 1995</a>). Ray identities are specified by regulators (including Hox genes, a TGF-beta signal, DM-domain and Pax-6 transcription factors) that act in distinct combinations in each ray pair (<a href="#Chow1994">Chow and Emmons, 1994</a>; <a href="#Savage1996">Savage et al. 1996</a>, <a href="#Zhang1995">Zhang and Emmons, 1995</a>; <a href="#Lints1999">Lints and Emmons, 1999</a>; <a href="#Lints2002">Lints and Emmons, 2002</a>; reviewed in <a href="http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_maledevelopment/maledevelopment.html" target="_blank">WormBook: Male Development - Emmons</a>). </p> </td> <tr> <td align="left" background="#Chinsang2000" class="style1"><div align="center"><br> <img src="images/MaleRayTABLE2.jpg" alt="MaleRayTABLE 2 Summary of ray identity characteristics" name="MaleRayTABLE2" width="759" height="321" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleRayTABLE2"> <a name="MaleRayTABLE2" id="MaleRayTABLE2"></a></div> <span class="picturetitle">MaleRayTABLE 2: Summary of ray identity characteristics.</span> <span class="style2">* may be defined by differentiated characteristics the Rnst cell. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/gene/WBGene00004035" target="_blank">PKD-2</a> / <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/gene/WBGene00003058" target="_blank">LOV-1</a> expression: <a href="#Barr1999">Barr and Sternberg, 1999</a>. <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/gene/WBGene00000859" target="_blank">CWP-1</a>, <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/gene/WBGene00000860" target="_blank">-2</a>, <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/gene/WBGene00000861" target="_blank">-3</a> and <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/gene/WBGene00000862" target="_blank">-4</a>: <a href="#Portman2004">Portman and Emmons, 2004</a>. DA (<a href="http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_monoamines/monoamines.html#sec4" target="_blank">dopamine</a>): <a href="#Sulston1977">Sulston and Horvitz, 1977</a>. 5HT (<a href="http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_monoamines/monoamines.html#sec5" target="_blank">serotonin</a>): <a href="#Loer1993">Loer and Kenyon, 1993</a>, <a href="#Lints2004">Lints et al., 2004</a>.<em> <a href="http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_neuropeptides/neuropeptides.html#sec7_2" target="_blank">flp</a></em><a href="http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_neuropeptides/neuropeptides.html#sec7_2">/FLP</a> (<em>FMRFamide-like-peptide</em> reporters for <em><a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/gene/WBGene00001448" target="_blank">flp-5</a>, <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/gene/WBGene00001449" target="_blank">flp-6</a>, <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/gene/WBGene00001460" target="_blank">flp-17</a></em> /antibody-positive): <a href="#Lints2004">Lints et al., 2004</a>.</span> <hr class="page-splits"> <span class="subtitle"><a name="Rayneuronconnectivity4" id="Rayneuronconnectivity4"></a></span><span class="style10"><br> 4 Ray Neuron Connectivity </span> <p>Early reconstruction data suggest that neurons of different rays may synapse with different combinations of targets (<a href="http://wormwiring.org/male/male.php" target="_blank">The Male Wiring Project</a>). The data also suggest that there may be a high degree of connectivity between neurons of certain rays (<a href="#MaleRayFIG7">MaleRayFIG 7</a>; see <a href="../../neurons/Individual Neurons/neuronsmainframe.htm" target="_blank">Individual neurons</a>). As observed in the <a href="../postcloacal/PCSframeset.html" target="_blank">post-cloacal sensilla</a>, some rays (e.g. R3AL) may be motor as well as sensory neurons because they form neuromuscular junctions with sex muscles (<a href="#MaleRayFIG8">MaleRayFIG 8</a>; <a href="../muscleintro/Musintroframeset.html" target="_blank">Male Muscle System - Introduction</a>). </p> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleRayFIG7.jpg" alt="MaleRayFIG 7 Connectivity between ray neurons" name="MaleRayFIG7" width="524" height="597" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleRayFIG7"><a name="MaleRayFIG7" id="MaleRayFIG7"></a></div> <span class="picturetitle">MaleRayFIG 7: Connectivity between ray neurons. </span><span class="style2">TEM showing synapses between different ray neurons, transverse section. (Image source: N2Y [MRC] PAG 522.) (vBMW) Ventral body wall muscle; (PAG) pre-anal ganglion. </span> <hr class="page-splits"> <div align="center"><img src="images/MaleRayFIG8.jpg" alt="MaleRayFIG 8 Neuromuscular junctions within the rays" name="MaleRayFIG8" width="497" height="596" border="0" align="middle" class="Galborder" id="MaleRayFIG8"><a name="MaleRayFIG8" id="MaleRayFIG8"></a> </div> <span class="picturetitle">MaleRayFIG 8: Neuromuscular junctions within the rays. </span><span class="style2">TEM of featuring neuromuscular junction between rays and sex muscles, transverse view. (Image source: N2Y [MRC] L849.) (polL) Posterior outer longitudinal; (dglL) diagonal muscle; (BWM) body wall muscle. </span> <hr class="page-splits"> <p><span class="subtitle"><a name="Celllist5" id="Celllist5"></a></span><span class="style10"><br> 5 List of Male Ray Cells</span></p> <blockquote> <table width="614" height="307" border="0"> <tr align="left" valign="top"> <td width="200"><strong>Structural Cells</strong><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004044" target="_blank">R1stL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004043" target="_blank">R1stR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004038" target="_blank">R2stL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004037" target="_blank">R2stR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004032" target="_blank">R3stL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004031" target="_blank">R3stR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004026" target="_blank">R4stL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004025" target="_blank">R4stR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004020" target="_blank">R5stL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004019" target="_blank">R5stR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004010" target="_blank">R6stL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004008" target="_blank">R6stR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003998" target="_blank">R7stL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003996" target="_blank">R7stR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003986" target="_blank">R8stL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003972" target="_blank">R8stR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003964" target="_blank">R9stL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003962" target="_blank">R9stR</a></td> <td width="200"><strong>(A type) Sensory or <br> Sensory-motor neurons</strong><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004052" target="_blank">R1AL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004050" target="_blank">R1AR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004042" target="_blank">R2AL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004041" target="_blank">R2AR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004036" target="_blank">R3AL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004035" target="_blank">R3AR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004030" target="_blank">R4AL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004029" target="_blank">R4AR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004024" target="_blank">R5AL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004023" target="_blank">R5AR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004018" target="_blank">R6AL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004016" target="_blank">R6AR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004006" target="_blank">R7AL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004002" target="_blank">R7AR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003994" target="_blank">R8AL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003992" target="_blank">R8AR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003971" target="_blank">R9AL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003970" target="_blank">R9AR</a></td> <td width="200"><strong>(B type) Sensory neurons <br> </strong> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004048" target="_blank">R1BL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004046" target="_blank">R1BR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004040" target="_blank">R2BL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004039" target="_blank">R2BR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004034" target="_blank">R3BL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004033" target="_blank">R3BR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004028" target="_blank">R4BL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004027" target="_blank">R4BR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004022" target="_blank">R5BL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004021" target="_blank">R5BR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004014" target="_blank">R6BL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004012" target="_blank">R6BR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004001" target="_blank">R7BL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0004000" target="_blank">R7BR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003990" target="_blank">R8BL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003988" target="_blank">R8BR</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003968" target="_blank">R9BL</a><br> <a href="http://www.wormbase.org/species/c_elegans/anatomy_term/WBbt:0003966" target="_blank">R9BR</a></td> </tr> </table></blockquote> <hr class="page-splits"> <span class="subtitle"><a name="References6" id="References6"></a></span><span class="style10"><br> 6 References</span> <p><a name="Barr1999"></a>Barr, M.M. and Sternberg, P.W. 1999. 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Nature <strong>377: </strong>55-9. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/377055a0" target="_blank">Abstract</a></p> <hr class="page-splits"></td> </tr><tr> <td align="left" class="style1"> <a href="#top"><img src="../../picts/topoff.gif" border="0" onMouseOver="this.src='../../picts/topon.gif'" onMouseOut="this.src='../../picts/topoff.gif'"> </a><br> This chapter should be cited as: Lints, R. and Hall, D.H. 2009. Male neuronal support cells, rays. In<em> WormAtlas. </em>doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.3908/wormatlas.2.10" target="_top">10.3908/wormatlas.2.10</a><br> Edited for the web by Laura A. Herndon. 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