OLQ

OLQDL, OLQDR, OLQVL, OLQVR

Type: Polymodal neuron (sensory neuron (mechanosensory), interneuron)
In MoW: OLQ
Male Wiring Project: OLQDL, OLQDR, OLQVL, OLQVR
In Wormbase: OLQ, OLQDL, OLQDR, OLQVL, OLQVR
Lineage: AB alapapapaa, AB alapppapaa
AB plpaaappaa, AB prpaaappaa
Location: Head
Description: Neurons of outer labial lateral sensilla.Their dendrites have ciliated endings with striated rootlets and terminate embedded within the cuticle of the nose.
Neurotransmitter/ Neuropeptide:
- Glutamate
(Lee et al., 1999)
Innexin expression:
None yet reported, although described to have gap junctions in adult animals (MoW)
Receptor expression:
- OCR-4; TRPV (transient receptor potential channel, vanilloid subfamily; mammalian capsaicin receptor-like channel)
- OSM-9; transient receptor potential (TRPV) ion channel protein
- NPR-1; receptor for flp-18- and flp-21-encoded peptides
- TRPA-1; transient receptor potential (TRPA) ion channel protein.

(Wormbase; Altun, 2011; Kindt et al., 2007; Coates and de Bono, 2002; Tobin et al., 2002; Colbert et al.,1997)
Function:
- IL1, OLQ, and RMD regulate spontaneous foraging movements; in the presence of food, C. elegans makes rapid nose oscillations termed 'foraging' as they explore their environment. Laser operated animals lacking IL1 and OLQ forage abnormally slowly and make exaggerated dorsal and ventral nose turns (Hart et al., 1995; Kaplan and Driscoll, 1997; Goodman, 2006). See head withdrawal and foraging circuit.
- When worms are touched on the ventral or dorsal side of the nose during forward movement they respond with an aversive head movement away from the stimulus, termed the head-withdrawal reflex. This simple reflex is mediated by two classes of mechanosensory neurons (OLQ and IL1) and their synaptic targets, the RMD motor neurons. Killing any of these cells, alone or in combination, diminishes this reflex (Kaplan and Driscoll, 1997; Kindt et al., 2007.) TRPA-1 function in IL1 and OLQ and GLR-1 function in RMD neurons facilitate both foraging rate and head withdrawal (Kindt et al., 2007.)

Embryonic development of OLQ neurons

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OLQDL (AB alapapapaa) development in the embryo. Dorsal view. Bottom is left side of the embryo. Spheres indicate individual nuclei. Black sphere: ancestors of OLQDL (since last OLQDL ancestor has not yet gone through its final division, the black sphere seen at the end of this movie is still AB alapapapa); dark grey spheres: apoptotic cells; other cells follow the WA color code (after they acquire specific cell or tissue identities). 0 min is fertilization. Click on the movie for higher resolution rendition (by A. Santella & Z. Bao).

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OLQDR (AB alapppapaa) development in the embryo. Dorsal view. Bottom is left side of the embryo. Spheres indicate individual nuclei. Black sphere: ancestors of OLQDR (since last OLQDR ancestor has not yet gone through its final division, the black sphere seen at the end of this movie is still AB alapppapa); dark grey spheres: apoptotic cells; other cells follow the WA color code (after they acquire specific cell or tissue identities). 0 min is fertilization. Click on the movie for higher resolution rendition (by A. Santella & Z. Bao).

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OLQVL (AB plpaaappaa) development in the embryo. Dorsal view. Bottom is left side of the embryo. Spheres indicate individual nuclei. Black sphere: ancestors of OLQVL (since last OLQVL ancestor has not yet gone through its final division, the black sphere seen at the end of this movie is still AB plpaaappa); dark grey spheres: apoptotic cells; other cells follow the WA color code (after they acquire specific cell or tissue identities). 0 min is fertilization. Click on the movie for higher resolution rendition (by A. Santella & Z. Bao).

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OLQVR (AB prpaaappaa) development in the embryo. Dorsal view. Bottom is left side of the embryo. Spheres indicate individual nuclei. Black sphere: ancestors of OLQVR (since last OLQVR ancestor has not yet gone through its final division, the black sphere seen at the end of this movie is still AB prpaaappa); dark grey spheres: apoptotic cells; other cells follow the WA color code (after they acquire specific cell or tissue identities). 0 min is fertilization. Click on the movie for higher resolution rendition (by A. Santella & Z. Bao).

OLQ Sensory Endings

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3D reconstruction of the anterior sensory endings (cilia and dendrites) from high resolution serial section transmission electron micrographs. Bar 1 μm. Color code for the sensory endings is shown on the right-colors do not follow the WA color code. To expand, double click on the video, to return to original size, click "esc" (Doroquez et al., 2014)

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3D reconstruction of all amphid neuron cilia and associated socket and sheath cell processes. Modeled from serial section transmission electron micrographs (ssTEMs). Bar 1 μm. Color code for the sensory endings is shown on the left-colors do not follow the WA color code. To expand, double click on the video, to return to original size, click "esc" (Doroquez et al., 2014)

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3D reconstruction of IL1, IL2, OLL, OLQ and CEP sensory endings and associated glia. Colors do not follow the WA color code (purple; transition zone (TZ), lavender; CEP, blue; OLL and OLQ, beige; IL1, green; IL2, light pink; ILsh, dark pink; ILso, dark orange; OLso, light orange; OLsh, dark green; CEPso, light green; CEPsh).To expand, double click on the video, to return to original size, click "esc" (Doroquez et al., 2014)